Every country will have its own rules about when permission is not required to make use of a copyrighted work, or where a work may be used on terms laid out in the law.
Some of these exceptions and limitations are quite narrow and apply to very specific situations — such as copyright exceptions applicable to libraries, schools, or churches — while others, like fair use or fair dealing, tend to apply much more broadly.
Always take care to doublecheck the applicability of any given exception or limitation to copyright and ensure that you stay in compliance with any associated rules or requirements.